in ASEAN (dark grey) —
Capital Hanoi 21°2′N 105°51′E / 21.033°N 105.850°E / 21.033; 105.850 Largest city Ho Chi Minh City Official languages Vietnamese Official scripts Vietnamese Ethnic groups 86.2% Kinh (Viet) 1.9% Tay 1.7% Tai 1.5% Mường 1.4% Khmer Krom 1.1% Hoa 1.1% Nùng 1% Hmong 4.1% Others Demonym Vietnamese Government Marxist–Leninist single-party state - President Trương Tấn Sang - Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng - Chairman of National Assembly Nguyễn Sinh Hùng - Chief Justice Trương Hòa Bình - Communist Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng Legislature National Assembly Formation - Independence from China 938 - Independence from France 2 September 1945 - Vietnam War 1955–1975 - Reunification 2 July 1976 - Current constitution 15 April 1992 Area - Total 331,210 km2 (65th) 128,565 sq mi - Water (%) 6.4 Population - 2012 estimate 90,388,000 (13th) - Density 272/km2 (46th) 703/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate - Total $320.677 billion - Per capita $3,547 GDP (nominal) 2012 estimate - Total $138.071 billion - Per capita $1,527 Gini (2008) 35.6 medium HDI (2012) 0.617 medium · 127th Currency đồng (₫) (VND) Time zone ICT (Indochina Time) UTC+7 (UTC+7) - Summer (DST) No DST (UTC+7) Drives on the right Calling code +84 ISO 3166 code VN Internet TLD .vn Map of the Indochina Peninsula showing Vietnam and its neighbors.Vietnam (i/ˌviːətˈnɑːm/, /viˌɛt-/, /-ˈnæm/, /ˌvjɛt-/; Vietnamese pronunciation: ( listen)) officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam ( listen)), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.3 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "South Viet", and was officially adopted in 1945. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976.
The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, following the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified, with heavy foreign intervention, during the Vietnam War, which ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
Vietnam was then unified under a Communist government, but was politically isolated and impoverished. In 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms, which began Vietnam's path towards integration into the world economy. By 2000, it had established diplomatic relations with most nations. Vietnam's economic growth has been among the highest in the world since 2000, and in 2011 it had the highest Global Growth Generators Index among 11 major economies. Its successful economic reforms resulted in it joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. However, the country still suffers from relatively high levels of income inequality, disparities in healthcare provision, and poor gender equality.
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